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前言 Foreword
丹育猪以高产着名于世，但由于猪场建设、饲养管理等诸多方面的挑战，让丹育猪在中国的生产性能未能达到预期，但丹育种猪在中国养猪业的受青睐程度仍越来越高。猪译馆特收集整理了一系列丹育相关资料，目前正在转载当时丹麦养猪研究中心制作的丹育《妊娠管理指南》，敬请关注。
编者的话 Editor's Note
对妊娠母猪的正确管理有助于提高和维持母猪高产、稳产。顺便推荐给学习专业英语的爱好者，这是不可多得的学习资料。这也是一份做猪场操作标准流程SOP的很好的资料。
11. 干 料 投 料 量 的 控 制
CONTROL OF THE FEED RATION SIZE BY DRY FEEDING
为确保每头母猪采食到一定量的饲料，至少在以下情况下要检查出料口的出料情况：
To Ensure That Each Sow Gets The Intended Amount Of Feed, The Amount Of Feed That Comes Out Of The Machine Is Checked At Least:
1. 对饲喂站或饲喂分配器要进行每年4次的检查。
4 times a year the volume is controlled in the feed station or feed box.
2. 饲料原料或饲料改变时。
By changing of feed material or compound.
3. 农作物收获之后。
After harvest.
出料口的监控
Control measurement of ration size
请注意：
Please Note:
如果没有控制投料量，母猪会有采食过多或过少的风险，从而导致太肥或太瘦。
If the allocated quantity is not controlled, there is a risk that sows receive incorrect feed allocation, thus they either get too fat or too skinny.
每隔一段时间，饲料的比重会改变，因此，会有给母猪投喂太少或太多饲料的风险。
The weight of the feed may change over time, thereby you risk allocating too much or too little to the sows.
1. 很难保持合适的体况或上下波动，从而造成经济损失。
You get problems keeping an adequate body condition and accordion sows is expensive.
2. 在配种后四个星期内的不适当饲喂，会对窝产仔数产生负面影响。
Incorrect feed strength the first four weeks affects litter size negatively.
3. 这也会导致弱仔（瘦母猪）或难产（肥母猪）。
It can also result in weak-born pigs (skinny sows) or farrowing problems (fat sows).
补充说明—干料投料量的控制
Additional Comments – Control Of The Feed Ration Size By Dry Feed
电子母猪饲喂
ESF
必要的设备:
Necessary equipment:
1. 一个大小合适且牢固的袋子（8 升的冰冻袋子）
A suitable strong big bag (8 liter freezing bag)
2. 一个电子耳牌
An electronic ear tag
3. 一个秤
A weight
在每个饲喂站导入一个可分配饲料的母猪电子耳牌，饲喂站可为该电子耳牌进行真正的供料，而不是人工控制的。
Create an electronic ear tag for each station with the right to feed. To get the stations to feed realistically, an ear tag is used and not the manual control there might be found on the station.
对该电子耳牌至少要进行15个剂量的投喂（或2.5个饲料单位）。通常一个剂量大约重100g，如果有2.5kg饲料（25个剂量），即使有一点浪费，对结果的影响也不大。
Each ear tag must at least have access to 15 portions (2,5 FU). Usually one portion weigh around 100 grams. So if there is 2,5 kg feed (25 portions) available, there is also enough to fumble a bit.
为了操作人员的安全，需将饲喂站隔开或锁住，避免母猪进入。如果入口门能关闭，就能自由从分隔待处理区进入，这是最简单的。如果不能就锁上入口门。
For your own safety the station is blocked or locked, so the sows cannot enter. If the inventory can be swung over, so you have free access from the separation area, it is the easiest. If it is not possible then lock the entry gate.
如果总有饲料残留在料槽中，有可能的话在料槽盖打开之前，先切断水源，这是最容易收集饲料的。否则，需要手动设置料槽盖为打开状态。
If the feed must be caught in the trough, the water supply is if possible closed and the trough flap is opened. It is easiest to collect the feed before it drops in the trough. Otherwise, you manually set the trough flap on “open” so you don’t get caught.
称重样品中应无水，因此可关掉饲喂站中的水龙头或避免采集饲料的样品袋接触水管。
The water should not be weighed in, therefore close for the faucet on the station or keep the bag free of the water hose.
收集至少10个投喂量的无水样品。重要的是，要收集所有掉落的饲料，且样品中无水。因此在接收器开始工作前用袋子套住落料管。注意不能让感应器读到你口袋中的耳牌。有时，在料槽读取母猪耳牌前，需要在进口处的感应器对该母猪耳牌进行激活。
Collect at least 10 full rations without water. It is important to get all the feed and to avoid water in the sample. Therefore get the bag around the pipe before the transponder is started. Be careful that the sensor does not read the ear tags in your pocket. Sometimes the sensor at the entry gate must be activated before the ear tag can be read at the trough.
完成后，将门设置为原有状态，在去下一个饲喂站前打开水阀。
Place the gates back to normal settings and turn on the water before you move on to the next station.
称量采集的投喂饲料的重量，并计算平均重量，与设定值比较。
Weigh the rations and calculate the average weight.Compare it with the expectations.
偏差需小于5%，否则需要进行以下检查：
Deviations up to 5 % are OK. For larger deviations, check for:
1. 料箱中的饲料
feed in the feed box
2. 结拱
bridges
3. 结块、石头或其它阻止饲料下落的东西
cakes, stone or otherwise that prevents free access of the feed
如果没有以上问题，需要按照制造商的作业指南，对饲喂站进行校正，并输入每个投喂量的平均重量。
If none of this is the case, the stations are calibrated. Follow the companies’ instructions and enter the average weight of a single portion.
限位栏饲喂
One box per sow
用一个大小合适的袋子或桶以及电子称对饲料进行称重，应分别称取1、3和5升饲料的重量。一般来说，在整个供料管线上，平均抽取3-5个配量器做测试。通常1升干料的重量为650-750克，但这取决于饲料的构成、颗粒料和在农场的混合情况。在配量器中抽取的第1升饲料会比后面的饲料轻一点。
Use an appropriate bag or bucket for the collection of feed and an electronic weight. Control weighing by for example 1,3 and 5 liters. As an average, there is taken 3-5 feed boxes, evenly selected over the feed line. Normally one liter of dry feed weigh between 650 and 750 gram, depending on the structure, pellets and home mixing. The first selection of one liter in the feed box has a smaller weight than the subsequent liters.
如1.03饲料单位/公斤的母猪料
Example at 1,03 FU/kg sow
如果饲料的重量有超过5%的偏差，需要检查是否有结拱、结块，检查落料挡板是否粘结或阻止饲料的自由流动，之后需要重新调整配量器。
If the weighing deviates with more than 5 % there is checked for bridging, cakes, a flap which is linked or otherwise preventing the feed to run freely. Hereafter the setup of the feed box is adjusted.