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来解题!!GRE数学经典难题解析

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【例1】

Let S be the set of all positive integers n such that n² is a multiple of both 24 and 108. Which of the following integers are divisors of every integer n in S ?

Indicate all such integers.

A. 12

B. 24

C. 36

D. 72

答案AC.

【解析】已知n²是24和108的公倍数,求n满足的要求.

先分解质因数:24=2³×3,108=2²×3³

可得24和108的最小公倍数是2³×3³.

那么n²就可以表示为2³×3³×k,由于一个完全平方数分解质因数之后,每一个质因数的指数都必须是偶数,所以k一定包含2×3,并且是在2×3基础上再乘以一个平方数,也就是k可以表示为2×3×p²(p为任意正整数).

因此n²=2³×3³×2×3×p²=2^4×3^4×p²

可得n=2²×3²×p=36p,所以每一个满足要求的n一定都是36的倍数.

那么选项里面一定是n的因数的数字就有12和36.

【例2】

How many positive integers can be expressed as a product of two or more of the prime numbers 5, 7, 11, and 13 if no one product is to include the same prime factor more than once?

A. Eight

B. Nine

C. Ten

D. Eleven

E. Twelve

答案D.

【解析】从5,7,11,13四个质数当中选出2个或多个质数,求所得的乘积有多少种可能性.

5,7,11,13分别是4个不同的质数,所以两两之间的乘积都不同,那么有多少种组合的方法,就会有多少个不同的乘积.

从这4个数当中选出2个数的组合数是C(4,2),选出3个数的组合数是C(4,3),选出4个数的组合数是C(4,4).

那么组合数总和就是C(4,2)+C(4,3)+C(4,4)=6+4+1=11种.

【例3】

A certain holiday is always on the fourth Tuesday of Month X. If Month X has 30 days, on how many different dates of Month X can the holiday fall?

A. Four

B. Five

C. Six

D. Seven

E. Eight

答案D.

【解析】X月的第四个星期二是假日,求假日可能的日期有几种.

可以按照第一个星期二是几号来推导第四个星期二,第四个星期二是在第一个星期二之后经过了三个星期,也就是21天,所以用第一个星期二的号数加上21就可以得到所要求的日期.

点击添加图片描述(最多60个字)编辑

第一个星期二最迟只能是在7号,因为其前面最多经历了一周的其余6天,并且推算出来的22-28号都在30号以内,可以作为第四个星期二的日期,所以一共有7个不同的日期.

【例4】

At a certain company, employees who earn $20.00 per hour will be given an increase of $1.00 per hour. For each of the other employees, either the employee will be given an increase of $1.00 per hour or the employee will be given a percent increase equal to the percent increase that will be given to the employees who earn $20.00 per hour, whichever results in a larger increase for that employee. Which of the following statements are true?

Indicate all such statements.

A. An employee who earns less than $20.00 per hour will be given a percent increase that is greater than the percent increase that will be given to the employees who earn $20.00 per hour.

B. An employee who earns $22.00 per hour will be given an increase of $1.10 per hour.

C. An employee who earns $24.00 per hour will earn $25.20 per hour after the increase.

答案ABC.

【解析】原小时工资=20美元,加薪1美元/小时,加薪的比例就是1/20.

原小时工资≠20美元,从以下两种方式中选择较大的方式:

①加薪1美元/小时;

②与原小时工资=20美元加薪比例相同,即加薪1/20.

A.原小时工资<20美元,1>原小时工资*1/20,所以加薪1美元/小时,加薪比例>1/20,正确.

B.原小时工资=22美元,1<原小时工资*1/20,所以加薪22*1/20=1.1美元/小时,正确.

C.原小时工资=24美元,1<原小时工资*1/20,所以加薪24*1/20=1.2美元/小时,加薪后工资=25.2美元/小时,正确.

【例5】

When the even integer n is divided by 7,the remainder is 3.

Quantity A:The remainder when n is divided by 14

Quantity B:10

A. Quantity A is greater.

B. Quantity B is greater.

C. The two quantities are equal.

D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.

答案C.

【解析】n除以7余3,可以假设n=7k+3.

因为n=7k+3是偶数,所以7k是奇数,可得k是奇数,可以把奇数表示成2p+1.

所以n=7(2p+1)+3=14p+10.

Quantity A:n除以14的余数等于10.

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